Airway remodeling refers to the changes that occur in the airway wall due to asthma-induced inflammation. Airway remodeling is usually permanent and can cause irreversible decline in lung function. Because the airway is compromised in people with airway remodeling, it takes less to set off symptoms and the condition often leads to more frequent asthma attacks.

Damage from airway remodeling occurs when the cells or muscles that line the airway become inflamed or sensitive. It can also occur when cells grow faster than normal, or when an abnormal amount of mucus accumulates in the airways.

While the damage itself is permanent, regular use of anti-inflammatory medications can slow or prevent further airway damage. These medications should be taken on a regular basis, even when symptoms are not present. Individuals with chronic asthma should work closely with their physicians to control their asthma symptoms and limit airway remodeling.