Anemia is a lack of red blood cells and/or the iron-rich molecule in red blood cells (hemoglobin) that carries oxygen throughout the body and gives blood its red color. There are more than 100 types of anemia. Some forms of anemia are temporary while other types can be a long-term disease. Most types of anemia can be successfully treated, depending on the underlying cause. Untreated anemia, however, and some chronic forms may be damaging or even life-threatening.

Severe anemia has been associated with various forms of heart disease. Because the body is receiving less oxygen, the heart responds by working harder to pump more blood through the body. In cases of severe anemia, the overworked heart may begin to dilate, causing an enlarged heart or cardiomyopathy. This may eventually lead to heart failure.

Mild forms of anemia may produce no significant symptoms. However, individuals with more severe anemia may experience chronic fatigue, weakness, paleness and shortness of breath, especially when active. Anyone who has these symptoms should see their physician for an evaluation.

There are more than 100 types of anemia, and not all of them are treated in the same way. If the anemia is “secondary to,” or caused by another chronic disease, such as kidney disease, the goal is to treat the underlying disease. By contrast, if the anemia is due to abnormally heavy bleeding, such as during menstruation or surgery, a physician may recommend certain dietary changes. Iron supplements should be avoided unless prescribed by a physician, because an excess level of iron could damage the heart or other vital organs.