Asthma medications are medications generally used to relieve the symptoms caused by asthma – though they do not cure the condition itself. Instead, the medications help to open up the airways, reduce inflammation or reduce the chances of an asthma attack occurring. There are three types of asthma medications:

• Long-term control medications. Taken preventatively to control asthma symptoms over a long period of time.
  
  
• Quick-relief medications. Also called “rescue” medication, these are taken to immediately relieve asthma symptoms.
  
  
• Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies. Taken preventatively to avoid the onset of an asthmatic attack.

These three groups comprise various types of drugs which primarily include:

• Bronchodilators (e.g., beta2 agonists, anticholinergics). Medications that relax constricted muscles in the airways, allowing the user to breathe and cough up mucus more easily.
  
  
• Mast cell stabilizers. Medications that reduce inflammation in the airways, making it easier to breath and lowering the chance of a severe asthma attack.
  
  
• Corticosteroids. Medications that reduce the swelling in nasal passages during an asthmatic reaction, reducing or avoiding asthma symptoms. While effective, these drugs can have many side effects.
  
  
• Leukotriene modifiers. Medications that prevent inflammation in the airways, halting the process that often leads to an asthma attack.

All asthma medications have varying degrees of effectiveness as well as side effects. Certain medical conditions or the use of other medications may prevent individuals from taking some asthma drugs. Patients should always consult a physician before taking any type of medication, whether it is prescription or over-the-counter.