Use the A-Z list to browse more than 6,000 health-related topics in our library. Clicking on a term opens the definition and, in most cases, links to more information.
A rare, childhood disease that involves progressive loss of coordination and control of movement and also weakens the immune system in most cases. Tiny spider veins (telangiectasia) on the face may be present. More Information on AT: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
The loss of coordination, or the inability to control muscle movements. It can occur due to a number of neurological conditions or from other causes (e.g., side effect of medication). More Information on Ataxia: Neuro Signs & Symptoms
A rare, childhood disease that involves progressive loss of coordination and control of movement and also weakens the immune system in most cases. Tiny spider veins (telangiectasia) on the face may be present. More Information on Ataxia Telangiectasia: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
"Ataxic Cerebral Palsy" is more commonly referred to as "Cerebral Palsy" in the medical community. Cerebral Palsy
Also Known As: "Spastic Cerebral Palsy"
A group of disorders involving impaired movement control that generally appear in the first few years of life and do not worsen over time. They may be caused by damage to or faulty development of areas of the brain controlling movement and posture. More Information on Cerebral Palsy: Pediatric Brain & Nerve
A broad term that means "inflammation of the joints" but is used to describe any pain that occurs in the joints. Two of the most common forms are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. More Information on Ataxic Gait: Arm & Leg Pain
Failure of the lung to fully inflate. This may be caused by a number of factors, including tumor growth, a blocked airway, infections and other diseases. More Information on Atelectasis: Lung & Chest Cancer
A broad name for a group of related procedures that remove exceptionally hard (calcified) plaque that has built up on the walls of the arteries. More Information on Atherectomy: Catheter Tests & Procedures
Also Known As: "Blockage of the Arteries, Narrowing of the Arteries, Hardening of the Arteries"
A disease in which the arteries harden and become narrowed due to the gradual build up of plaque on their inner walls. More Information on Atherosclerosis: Vascular Disease
A disease in which the arteries are hardened and narrowed, due to the gradual buildup of plaque on their inner walls. People with diabetes are at higher risk for this condition. More Information on Atherosclerosis & Diabetes: Diabetes Heart & Blood Vessel
"Atherosclerotic Plaque" is more commonly referred to as "Plaque" in the medical community. Plaque
A material composed of fats (lipids), cholesterol (lipoproteins), calcium and other materials. Its buildup contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. More Information on Plaque: Cholesterol
"Atherothrombosis" is more commonly referred to as "Blood Clots" in the medical community. Blood Clots
Also Known As: "Venous Blood Clot, Thrombus, Thrombi"
A clump of blood that forms in or around a vessel as a result of coagulation (the blood's natural tendency to clump and stick). More Information on Blood Clots: Blood Clot
"Athlete Heart" is more commonly referred to as "Enlarged Heart" in the medical community. Enlarged Heart
Also Known As: "Heart Enlargement, Cardiomegaly, Osteochondrodysplasia Syndrome"
A sign that the heart is overworked. When underlying disease or other conditions (e.g., heavy exercise) cause the heart to work harder, the heart enlarges to compensate for the increased need. More Information on Enlarged Heart: Heart Signs & Symptoms
Infection of the feet caused by fungus. It often strikes between the toes but can also affect the hands. It is contagious and can be passed through contact with skin, shoes, stockings and shower or pool surfaces. More Information on Athlete's Foot: Skin Related Infections
Infection of the feet caused by fungus. It often strikes between the toes but can also affect the hands. It is contagious and can be passed through contact with skin, shoes, stockings and shower or pool surfaces. More Information on Athletic Shoe Choices: Exercise & Weight
It is especially important for people with diabetes to choose athletic shoes that fit them properly since diabetes increases the risk of calluses, skin ulcers and other foot-related problems. More Information on Athletic Shoe Choices & Diabetes: Diabetes Diet & Fitness
"ATLL" is more commonly referred to as "Adult T Cell Leukemia Lymphoma" in the medical community. Adult T Cell Leukemia Lymphoma
An aggressive type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is market by enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen along with skin and bone lesions and an elevated calcium level. More Information on Adult T Cell Leukemia Lymphoma: Leukemia & Bone Cancer
"Atomoxetine" is more commonly referred to as "Methylphenidate" in the medical community. Methylphenidate
Also Known As: "Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine"
A type of medication used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). More Information on Methylphenidate: Psychiatric Medications
Also Known As: "Lazy Bowel Syndrome, Atonic Constipation, Lazy Colon"
A lack of normal muscle tone or strength in the colon that keeps food from traveling through the colon, causing chronic constipation. Overuse of laxatives or Hirschsprung's disease may cause it. More Information on Atonic Colon: Digestive Health Basics
A lack of normal muscle tone or strength in the colon that keeps food from traveling through the colon, causing chronic constipation. Overuse of laxatives or Hirschsprung's disease may cause it. More Information on Atonic Constipation: Digestive Health Basics
Also Known As: "Akinetic Seizures, Drop Attacks, Astatic Seizures"
A type of generalized seizure that causes an abrupt loss of muscle tone. This leads to sudden collapse, posture loss or head drop. They occur without warning and those affected fall hard, risking head injury. More Information on Atonic Seizures: Epilepsy & Seizure
Also Known As: "Inherited Dermatitis, Genetic Dermatitis"
The type of eczema (chronic, itchy inflammation of the upper layers of the skin) caused by allergies. Often appears during infancy, usually disappearing by the age of 3 or 4. More Information on Atopic Dermatitis: Dermatitis, Eczema & Hives
A type of allergic conjunctivitis that is associated with atopic dermatitis of the eyelids and face. Symptoms can be sight-threatening and may include redness, burning, tearing and itching. More Information on Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: Eye Conditions
Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Usually associated with inhaled allergens and food allergens. More Information on Atopy: Allergy Basics
"Atorvastatin" is more commonly referred to as "Lipitor" in the medical community. Lipitor
A brand name medication (generic atorvastatin) belonging to a class of drugs called statins -- cholesterol-reducing medications used in the treatment of high cholesterol. More Information on Lipitor: Heart Drug & Medication
Also Known As: "Adenosine Triphosphate Creatine Phosphate Energy System"
The metabolic sequence used by the body to provide the muscles with energy through muscular contractions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored in muscle cells. Creatine phosphate (CP) replenishes ATP when depleted.
"ATRA" is more commonly referred to as "All Trans Retinoic Acid" in the medical community. All Trans Retinoic Acid
Also Known As: "Tretinoin"
A form of vitamin A most commonly used for the treatment acne or the prevention of aging. It may also be used in combination with chemotherapy to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and is being tested for use in the treatment of other cancers. More Information on All Trans Retinoic Acid: Cancer Drug & Medication
One of two upper chambers of the heart. Oxygen-poor blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle and out to the lungs. Oxygen-rich blood travels from the left atrium to the left ventricle and out to the body. More Information on Atria: Heart Basics
Also Known As: "Atrial Septal Aneurysm, Aneurysm of Septum Secundum, Left Atrial Aneurysm, Right Atrial Aneurysm, Aneurysm of Septum Primum"
Bulging of part of the wall of an atrium. When in the wall between atria, it is called atrial septal aneurysm or aneurysm of septum primum (or secundum). It is often congenital and has been linked to increased stroke risk and patent foramen ovale. More Information on Atrial Aneurysm: Aneurysm
"Atrial Ectopics" is more commonly referred to as "Premature Atrial Contractions" in the medical community. Premature Atrial Contractions
Also Known As: "PAB, PAC, Premature Supraventricular Contractions, Premature Atrial Beats, Atrial Extrasystoles"
A harmless irregular heart rhythm that does not need to be treated. It is often due to stress or excessive use of substances such as caffeine. It occurs when one of the heart's upper chambers contracts prematurely in the heartbeat cycle. More Information on Premature Atrial Contractions: Arrhythmia
"Atrial Extrasystoles" is more commonly referred to as "Premature Atrial Contractions" in the medical community. Premature Atrial Contractions
Also Known As: "PAB, PAC, Premature Supraventricular Contractions, Premature Atrial Beats, Atrial Ectopics"
A harmless irregular heart rhythm that does not need to be treated. It is often due to stress or excessive use of substances such as caffeine. It occurs when one of the heart's upper chambers contracts prematurely in the heartbeat cycle. More Information on Premature Atrial Contractions: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "AF, Transient Atrial Fibrillation, A-Fib, Lone Atrial Fibrillation"
A rapid, irregular heart rhythm caused by abnormal electrical impulses that begin in the upper chambers of the heart (atria). As a result, the heart's lower chambers (the ventricles) beat rapidly and irregularly. More Information on Atrial Fibrillation: Arrhythmia
A rhythm that is closely related to atrial fibrillation is atrial flutter, in which a very rapid but regular electrical signal in the atria causes a very rapid heartbeat. More Information on Atrial Flutter: Arrhythmia
"Atrial Myxoma" is more commonly referred to as "Cardiac Myxoma" in the medical community. Cardiac Myxoma
Also Known As: "Myxoma"
A rare, mucus-filled tumor (myxoma), that usually begins in the left atrium of the heart. Symptoms of atrial myxoma include (but are not limited to) angina, shortness of breath and palpitations.
"Atrial Pressure" is more commonly referred to as "Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure" in the medical community. Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure
Also Known As: "PAWP, Left Atrial Pressure"
An indirect measurement of pressure in the left atrium, because direct measurement is rather risky. A balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into the pulmonary artery, and the balloon is inflated, wedging itself in. Pressure can then be measured.
Also Known As: "Aneurysm of Septum Secundum, Left Atrial Aneurysm, Right Atrial Aneurysm, Aneurysm of Septum Primum"
Bulging of part of the wall of an atrium. When in the wall between atria, it is called atrial septal aneurysm or aneurysm of septum primum (or secundum). It is often congenital and has been linked to increased stroke risk and patent foramen ovale. More Information on Atrial Septal Aneurysm: Aneurysm
Also Known As: "ASD, Secundum Atrial Septal Defect, Septal Defect, Primum Atrial Septal Defect"
A heart defect involving a hole in the wall (septum) between the two atria. This causes blood to leak from the left to the right atrium, putting strain on the right side of the heart. May be tolerated well, or may lead to serious consequences. More Information on Atrial Septal Defect: Pediatric Heart
"Atrial Septostomy" is more commonly referred to as "Balloon Atrial Septostomy" in the medical community. Balloon Atrial Septostomy
Also Known As: "Rashkind Procedure, Rashkind Umbrella Device, Rashkind Atrial Septostomy"
Used to treat babies with one or more heart defects. If the baby's oxygen supply is low, and there is a hole in the wall between the left and right atria, then a balloon can be inserted into the hole and inflated to widen it, improving oxygen supply. More Information on Balloon Atrial Septostomy: Pediatric Heart
"Atrial Septum" is more commonly referred to as "Septum" in the medical community. Septum
Also Known As: "Ventricular Septum"
A muscular wall separating the right and left chambers of the heart. Also refers to a thin wall separating two cavities, such as in the nose. More Information on Septum: Heart Basics
"Atrial Switch" is more commonly referred to as "Intraatrial Baffle" in the medical community. Intraatrial Baffle
Also Known As: "Mustard Procedure, Venous Switch, Senning Procedure, Atrial Switch Procedure"
A surgery to relieve symptoms when the aorta and pulmonary artery are in reversed positions, before surgery can be done to correct the problem. A tunnel is created in the upper chambers of the heart (atria) to redirect blood flow. More Information on Intraatrial Baffle: Pediatric Heart
"Atrial Switch Procedure" is more commonly referred to as "Intraatrial Baffle" in the medical community. Intraatrial Baffle
Also Known As: "Mustard Procedure, Venous Switch, Senning Procedure, Atrial Switch"
A surgery to relieve symptoms when the aorta and pulmonary artery are in reversed positions, before surgery can be done to correct the problem. A tunnel is created in the upper chambers of the heart (atria) to redirect blood flow. More Information on Intraatrial Baffle: Pediatric Heart
Tachycardias (or abnormally fast heart rhythms) that result from electrical impulses originating in the atrium, one of two upper chambers of the heart More Information on Atrial Tachycardia: Arrhythmia
A small mass of tissue located in the upper right chamber of the heart (right atrium). It is part of the heart's conduction system. It passes impulses from the sinus node to the lower chambers of the heart through the bundle of His. More Information on Atrial-Ventricular Node: Heart Basics
"Atrioventricular Block" is more commonly referred to as "Heart Block" in the medical community. Heart Block
Also Known As: "Third Degree Heart Block, First Degree Heart Block, Complete Heart Block, Movitz AV Block, Second Degree Heart Block, AV Block, Complete AV Block"
The delayed or complete lack of electrical communication between the heart's upper chambers and lower chambers. This causes abnormally slow heart rhythms. It may be classified by the extent that electrical activity is disrupted. More Information on Heart Block: Arrhythmia
A tube that connects the atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart in a developing embryo. More Information on Atrioventricular Canal: Heart Basics
Also Known As: "Common Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Endocardial Cushion Defect, Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect, AVSD, AV Canal Defect, Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect"
A term used to describe a number of heart defects that result in blood flowing freely across the heart and between the chambers. Often, there is also leakage of blood from the lower chambers back to the upper chambers, which is the wrong direction. More Information on Atrioventricular Canal Defect: Pediatric Heart
The area of the heart's conduction system that includes the AV node, the area just above the AV node and the area just below the AV node (including the bundle of His). More Information on Atrioventricular Junction: Heart Basics
A small mass of tissue located in the upper right chamber of the heart (right atrium). It is part of the heart's conduction system. It passes impulses from the sinus node to the lower chambers of the heart through the bundle of His. More Information on Atrioventricular Node: Heart Basics
Also Known As: "Common Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Endocardial Cushion Defect, Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect, AVSD, AV Canal Defect, Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect, Atrioventricular Canal Defect"
A term used to describe a number of heart defects that result in blood flowing freely across the heart and between the chambers. Often, there is also leakage of blood from the lower chambers back to the upper chambers, which is the wrong direction. More Information on Atrioventricular Septal Defect: Pediatric Heart
One of two upper chambers of the heart. Oxygen-poor blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle and out to the lungs. Oxygen-rich blood travels from the left atrium to the left ventricle and out to the body. More Information on Atrium: Heart Basics
Chronic irritation of the stomach lining, causing the breakdown of mucous membranes and glands in the stomach. More Information on Atrophic Gastritis: Gastritis & Ulcer
A condition caused by thin vaginal skin due to decreased estrogen production in the body. More Information on Atrophic Vaginitis: Vaginal & Cervical Health
Shrinkage or wasting away of tissues, organs or cells due to decreasing size or number of its cells. It may be due to disease, disuse, nerve damage or nutritional deficiency. More Information on Atrophy: Neuro Signs & Symptoms
"Atrophy of the Left Ventricle" is more commonly referred to as "Cardiac Atrophy" in the medical community. Cardiac Atrophy
Also Known As: "LVA, Heart Atrophy, Left Ventricular Atrophy"
A decrease in size of the heart. It can be brought on by prolonged immobilization or overall "wasting" that can occur with debilitating, chronic illnesses (e.g., anorexia). Left ventricle atrophy affects the lower left chamber of the heart. More Information on Cardiac Atrophy: Heart Failure
Also Known As: "Atypical Rhabdoid Tumors, Atypical Teratoid Tumors, ATTRHT"
A rare, but aggressive cancer usually found in children under the age of 2. It generally begins in the cerebellum, but commonly spreads through the central nervous system. It is a type of medulloblastoma. More Information on ATRT: Pediatric Cancer
A tool for assessing attachment and security between a parent and child. Descriptors of attachment-related reactions, such as greeting and smiling, are into categories according to the degree that the reactions are apparent in the child. More Information on Attachment Q Set: Emotional Health Basics
Also Known As: "ADD, ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder"
A neurological disorder characterized by inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, impulsiveness and hyperactivity often accompanied by restlessness, disorganization and mood swings. More Information on Attention Deficit Disorder: Attention & Learning Disorders
Also Known As: "ADD, ADHD, Attention Deficit Disorder"
A neurological disorder characterized by inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, impulsiveness and hyperactivity often accompanied by restlessness, disorganization and mood swings. More Information on Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: Attention & Learning Disorders
Also Known As: "Attention Deficit Disorder, ADD, ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder"
A neurological disorder characterized by inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, impulsiveness and hyperactivity often accompanied by restlessness, disorganization and mood swings. More Information on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Attention & Learning Disorders
Also Known As: "ATRT, Atypical Rhabdoid Tumors, Atypical Teratoid Tumors"
A rare, but aggressive cancer usually found in children under the age of 2. It generally begins in the cerebellum, but commonly spreads through the central nervous system. It is a type of medulloblastoma. More Information on ATTRHT: Pediatric Cancer
Also Known As: "Dental Attrition, Tooth Attrition"
Irreversible wearing of teeth caused by tooth-to-tooth contact (e.g., when chewing or grinding teeth). More Information on Attrition: Tooth Decay & Damage
"Atypical Antipsychotics" is more commonly referred to as "Antipsychotics" in the medical community. Antipsychotics
Also Known As: "Conventional Antipsychotics, Antipsychotic Drugs, Neuroleptic Medications, Neuroleptics, Antipsychotic Medications, Typical Antipsychotics, Antipsychotic Medicine"
Medications primarily used to treat psychoses, such as schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorder. They may control such symptoms as delusions and hallucinations and may have some mood-stabilizing effects. More Information on Antipsychotics: Schizophrenia & Psychosis
"Atypical Autism" is more commonly referred to as "Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified" in the medical community. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
Also Known As: "PDD NOS"
A type of pervasive developmental disorder that includes symptoms of autism (including significant behavior impairment), although not enough for a diagnosis of autism. More Information on Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: Autism & Related Disorders
Depression associated with increased appetite, oversleeping, lethargy, sensitivity to rejection and positive emotional reactions to the environment and events. More Information on Atypical Depression: Depression & Bipolar
"Atypical Facial Pain" is more commonly referred to as "Cranial Neuralgias" in the medical community. Cranial Neuralgias
Also Known As: "Facial Neuralgias"
Pain along a nerve in the head that may be perceived as a headache or facial pain. It can be fast and severe and varies depending on the nerve affected (e.g., trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, occipital). More Information on Cranial Neuralgias: Ear, Eye & Face Pain
Also Known As: "Atypical Nevi, Dysplastic Moles, Clarks Nevi, Dysplastic Nevi, Atypical Nevus"
Moles that are larger than common moles, with borders that are irregular and poorly defined and that may vary in color. Can be precancerous and should be examined by a physician. More Information on Atypical Moles: Skin Growths
Also Known As: "Dysplastic Moles, Clarks Nevi, Dysplastic Nevi, Atypical Nevus"
Moles that are larger than common moles, with borders that are irregular and poorly defined and that may vary in color. Can be precancerous and should be examined by a physician. More Information on Atypical Nevi: Skin Growths
Also Known As: "Dysplastic Moles, Clarks Nevi, Dysplastic Nevi, Atypical Nevi"
Moles that are larger than common moles, with borders that are irregular and poorly defined and that may vary in color. Can be precancerous and should be examined by a physician. More Information on Atypical Nevus: Skin Growths
Pneumonia caused by either the Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydophila pneumoniae bacteria. It is typically associated with milder pneumonia, but can also be quite severe. More Information on Atypical Pneumonia: Pneumonia & Lung Infection
Also Known As: "Atypical Teratoid Tumors, ATTRHT, ATRT"
A rare, but aggressive cancer usually found in children under the age of 2. It generally begins in the cerebellum, but commonly spreads through the central nervous system. It is a type of medulloblastoma. More Information on Atypical Rhabdoid Tumors: Pediatric Cancer
Also Known As: "ATTRHT, ATRT, Atypical Rhabdoid Tumors, Atypical Teratoid Tumors"
A rare, but aggressive cancer usually found in children under the age of 2. It generally begins in the cerebellum, but commonly spreads through the central nervous system. It is a type of medulloblastoma. More Information on Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors: Pediatric Cancer
Also Known As: "ATTRHT, ATRT, Atypical Rhabdoid Tumors"
A rare, but aggressive cancer usually found in children under the age of 2. It generally begins in the cerebellum, but commonly spreads through the central nervous system. It is a type of medulloblastoma. More Information on Atypical Teratoid Tumors: Pediatric Cancer
A professional who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of hearing disorders (e.g., hearing loss, balance problems, fitting hearing aids). While not medical doctors, they hold a Master's Degree and are often associated with an ENT physician. More Information on Audiologist: Ear Conditions
"Auditory Processing Disorder" is more commonly referred to as "Central Auditory Processing Disorder" in the medical community. Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Also Known As: "CAPD"
An inability to recognize and process sounds in a patient with normal hearing. May randomly occur and come and go from day to day. More Information on Central Auditory Processing Disorder: Pediatric Hearing & Vision
"Augmentation Mammoplasty" is more commonly referred to as "Breast Augmentation" in the medical community. Breast Augmentation
Procedures to increase (augment) breast size. These are different from reconstructive surgeries performed after full or partial mastectomies. More Information on Breast Augmentation: Breast Health
Sensations that precede some nervous system disorders (e.g., migraines, seizures). Prior to migraines, a patient may see flashing lights, zigzag lines or have temporary vision loss. Prior to seizures, an odd taste, smell, sound or feeling may occur. More Information on Aura: Headache & Migraine
The process of listening for sounds within the body. When diagnosing heart and blood vessel disorders, this often means listening to heart sounds through a stethoscope. More Information on Auscultation: Heart Basics
A pervasive developmental disorder in which patients self-isolate, self-stimulate and engage in repetitive rituals or movements. Symptoms range from mild to debilitating. Cognitive impairment can include mental retardation. More Information on Autism: Autism & Related Disorders
An instructor-based interview for the diagnosis of autism. This revised version has been reorganized and restructured for patients with mental ages from 18 months to adulthood. More Information on Autism Diagnosis Interview Revised: Autism & Related Disorders
An assessment of the communication and social skills, imagination and play behavior of patients with language skill at or above a three year old level who may have autism. More Information on Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Autism & Related Disorders
"Autism Screening Questionnaire" is more commonly referred to as "Social Communication Questionnaire" in the medical community. Social Communication Questionnaire
Also Known As: "ASQ, SCQ"
A forty-item questionnaire developed to screen for autism using current diagnostic criteria that can be applied to all age groups. Previously known as the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ).
A group of developmental disorders characterized by communication and social interaction problems and ritualistic behaviors. More Information on Autism Spectrum Disorders: Autism & Related Disorders
A screening tool for school-age children who may have Asperger syndrome or higher-functioning autism concentrating on social and behavioral problems in children without significant language impairment. More Information on Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire: Autism & Related Disorders
A pervasive developmental disorder in which patients self-isolate, self-stimulate and engage in repetitive rituals or movements. Symptoms range from mild to debilitating. Cognitive impairment can include mental retardation. More Information on Autistic Disorder: Autism & Related Disorders
Three related pervasive developmental disorders (autism, PDD-not otherwise specified and Asperger's syndrome) involving different types of autistic symptoms. The term is sometimes used to refer to all forms of PDD. More Information on Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Autism & Related Disorders
A blood test that detects autoantibodies. The presence of certain autoantibodies in the body is a sign that the immune system is attacking the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. More Information on Autoantibody Tests: Diabetes & Endocrine Tests
"Autoerotic Asphyxia" is more commonly referred to as "Hypoxyphilia" in the medical community. Hypoxyphilia
A type of sexual masochism in which sexual arousal is achieved by oxygen deprivation. It may involve the use of a noose, plastic bag or chemicals. Accidental deaths sometimes occur. More Information on Hypoxyphilia: Impulse Control Disorders
"Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults" is more commonly referred to as "Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood" in the medical community. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood
Also Known As: "LADA, Late Onset Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood, Youth Onset Diabetes of Maturity, Slow Onset Type 1 Diabetes, Progressive Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Latent Type 1 Diabetes, Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes"
A form of type 1 diabetes that develops in adults and has some characteristics of type 2 diabetes. It may be referred to as type 1.5 (along with other conditions). Some people diagnosed with type 2 may actually have this condition. More Information on Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood: Type 1 Diabetes Basics
Conditions in which the body's immune system attacks its own cells, resulting in a destruction of body tissue. More Information on Autoimmune Diseases: Autoimmune Basics
Conditions in which the body's immune system attacks its own cells, resulting in a destruction of body tissue. More Information on Autoimmune Diseases & Children: Autoimmune Basics
Conditions in which the body's immune system attacks its own cells, resulting in a destruction of body tissue. More Information on Autoimmune Disorders: Autoimmune Basics
Also Known As: "Type 2 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Immunoendocrinopathy Syndrome, Type 1 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome"
A group of autoimmune disorders in which the body attacks its own glands. This results in the glands not being able to produce enough hormones to meet the body's needs. There are two types of this syndrome and each is linked to type 1 diabetes. More Information on Autoimmune Endocrine Failure Syndrome: Autoimmune Basics
Also Known As: "Type 2 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Immunoendocrinopathy Syndrome, Autoimmune Endocrine Failure Syndrome, Type 1 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome"
A group of autoimmune disorders in which the body attacks its own glands. This results in the glands not being able to produce enough hormones to meet the body's needs. There are two types of this syndrome and each is linked to type 1 diabetes. More Information on Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome: Autoimmune Basics
Also Known As: "Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome, Type 2 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Immunoendocrinopathy Syndrome, Autoimmune Endocrine Failure Syndrome, Type 1 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome"
A group of autoimmune disorders in which the body attacks its own glands. This results in the glands not being able to produce enough hormones to meet the body's needs. There are two types of this syndrome and each is linked to type 1 diabetes. More Information on Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome: Autoimmune Basics
"Autologous Transfusion" is more commonly referred to as "Transfusion" in the medical community. Transfusion
Also Known As: "Blood Transfusion"
The infusion of blood or blood products directly into the bloodstream of a patient. Transfused blood may come from the patient (autologous) or a donor (homologous). This is usually performed in the event of severe blood loss from injury or surgery.
"Automatic Blood Pressure System" is more commonly referred to as "Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring" in the medical community. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Also Known As: "ABP, ABPM, 24 Hour Blood Pressure Test, Automatic BP Test, Ambulatory Blood Pressure, 24 Hour Automatic Blood Pressure Test, Automatic BP System"
A method of taking regular blood pressure (BP) readings of patients over 24 hours. A special monitor is used and patients keep an activity log. Most patients with BP disorders do not need ABPM and some physicians still consider it to be experimental. More Information on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Blood Pressure
"Automatic BP System" is more commonly referred to as "Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring" in the medical community. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Also Known As: "ABP, Automatic Blood Pressure System, ABPM, 24 Hour Blood Pressure Test, Automatic BP Test, Ambulatory Blood Pressure, 24 Hour Automatic Blood Pressure Test"
A method of taking regular blood pressure (BP) readings of patients over 24 hours. A special monitor is used and patients keep an activity log. Most patients with BP disorders do not need ABPM and some physicians still consider it to be experimental. More Information on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Blood Pressure
"Automatic BP Test" is more commonly referred to as "Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring" in the medical community. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Also Known As: "ABP, ABPM, 24 Hour Blood Pressure Test, Ambulatory Blood Pressure, 24 Hour Automatic Blood Pressure Test, Automatic BP System, Automatic Blood Pressure System"
A method of taking regular blood pressure (BP) readings of patients over 24 hours. A special monitor is used and patients keep an activity log. Most patients with BP disorders do not need ABPM and some physicians still consider it to be experimental. More Information on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Blood Pressure
"Automatic Defibrillator Implantation" is more commonly referred to as "Implantable Defibrillator (ICD)" in the medical community. Implantable Defibrillator (ICD)
Also Known As: "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, Implantable Cardioverter, Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, Single Chamber ICD, ICD, AICD, Dual Chamber ICD"
Implanted in the chest, an ICD is a battery-powered device that monitors and, if necessary, corrects an abnormal heart rhythm by sending electrical charges to the heart. ICD stands for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. More Information on Implantable Defibrillator (ICD): Arrhythmia
"Automatic External Cardioverter" is more commonly referred to as "AED" in the medical community. AED
Also Known As: "Automatic External Defibrillator"
External devices that can be used by minimally trained laypersons in emergency situations to deliver an electric shock to "reset" a heart that is fibrillating (quivering instead of pumping) or stopped. More Information on AED: Arrhythmia
"Automatic External Defibrillator" is more commonly referred to as "AED" in the medical community. AED
Also Known As: "Automatic External Cardioverter"
External devices that can be used by minimally trained laypersons in emergency situations to deliver an electric shock to "reset" a heart that is fibrillating (quivering instead of pumping) or stopped. More Information on AED: Arrhythmia
"Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator" is more commonly referred to as "Implantable Defibrillator (ICD)" in the medical community. Implantable Defibrillator (ICD)
Also Known As: "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, Implantable Cardioverter, Single Chamber ICD, ICD, AICD, Dual Chamber ICD, Automatic Defibrillator Implantation"
Implanted in the chest, an ICD is a battery-powered device that monitors and, if necessary, corrects an abnormal heart rhythm by sending electrical charges to the heart. ICD stands for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. More Information on Implantable Defibrillator (ICD): Arrhythmia
"Autonomic Dysfunction" is more commonly referred to as "Dysautonomia" in the medical community. Dysautonomia
Also Known As: "Riley Day Syndrome, Familial Dysautonomia"
A disorder of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. It can be local or generalized. It also can be acute and reversible or chronic and progressive. There is no cure, and severe cases can be fatal. More Information on Dysautonomia: Brain & Nerve Basics
Also Known As: "Visceral Nerve Damage, Visceral Neuropathy"
Involves damage to the autonomic nerves, which regulate the function of the internal organs, blood vessels, and other areas not under voluntary (purposeful) control. More Information on Autonomic Nerve Damage: Neuropathy
The body system that controls involuntary functions (e.g., pulse). It is made up of the sympathetic nervous system (which speeds up functions during stress) and the parasympathetic nervous system (which slows and relaxes functions after stress). More Information on Autonomic Nervous System: Brain & Nerve Basics
Also Known As: "Autonomic Nerve Damage, Visceral Nerve Damage, Visceral Neuropathy"
Involves damage to the autonomic nerves, which regulate the function of the internal organs, blood vessels, and other areas not under voluntary (purposeful) control. More Information on Autonomic Neuropathy: Neuropathy
A trait or disorder that requires only one copy of that gene to be present in an individual. Normally, two copies of a gene are inherited, one from each parent. Autosomal dominants are found in both males and females (e.g., Huntington disease).
A trait or disorder that requires two copies of that gene to be present in an individual. Normally, two copies of a gene are inherited, one from each parent. Autosomal recessives are found in both males and females (e.g., cystic fibrosis).
"AV Block" is more commonly referred to as "Heart Block" in the medical community. Heart Block
Also Known As: "Third Degree Heart Block, First Degree Heart Block, Complete Heart Block, Movitz AV Block, Second Degree Heart Block, Complete AV Block, Atrioventricular Block"
The delayed or complete lack of electrical communication between the heart's upper chambers and lower chambers. This causes abnormally slow heart rhythms. It may be classified by the extent that electrical activity is disrupted. More Information on Heart Block: Arrhythmia
A tube that connects the atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart in a developing embryo. More Information on AV Canal: Heart Basics
Also Known As: "Common Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Endocardial Cushion Defect, Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect, Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, AVSD"
A term used to describe a number of heart defects that result in blood flowing freely across the heart and between the chambers. Often, there is also leakage of blood from the lower chambers back to the upper chambers, which is the wrong direction. More Information on AV Canal Defect: Pediatric Heart
The area of the heart's conduction system that includes the AV node, the area just above the AV node and the area just below the AV node (including the bundle of His). More Information on AV Junction: Heart Basics
"AV Junctional Tachycardia" is more commonly referred to as "Junctional Tachycardia" in the medical community. Junctional Tachycardia
Tachycardias (or abnormally fast heart rhythms) that result from electrical impulses originating in the AV junction, The area of the heart that includes the AV node, the area just above the AV node and the area just below the AV node. More Information on Junctional Tachycardia: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "AV Node Reentry, AVRT, AV Nodal Reentry, AV Reentrant Tachycardia"
An abnormal heart rhthym due to an extra conducting pathway in the AV node. This allows the heart's electrical activity to "short circuit" itself (reentry). Episodes may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, caffeine or certain medications. More Information on AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "AV Reentrant Tachycardia, AV Node Reentry, AVRT"
An abnormal heart rhthym due to an extra conducting pathway in the AV node. This allows the heart's electrical activity to "short circuit" itself (reentry). Episodes may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, caffeine or certain medications. More Information on AV Nodal Reentry: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "Atrial-Ventricular Node, Atrioventricular Node"
A small mass of tissue located in the upper right chamber of the heart (right atrium). It is part of the heart's conduction system. It passes impulses from the sinus node to the lower chambers of the heart through the bundle of His. More Information on AV Node: Heart Basics
"AV Node Ablation" is more commonly referred to as "Cardiac Ablation" in the medical community. Cardiac Ablation
Also Known As: "Surgical Ablation, Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation, Catheter Ablation"
A procedure in which a physician destroys (ablates) very small, carefully selected parts of the heart that are causing tachycardia - a very fast heartbeat. Then the heart can beat more slowly and normally again. More Information on Cardiac Ablation: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "AVRT, AV Nodal Reentry, AV Reentrant Tachycardia"
An abnormal heart rhthym due to an extra conducting pathway in the AV node. This allows the heart's electrical activity to "short circuit" itself (reentry). Episodes may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, caffeine or certain medications. More Information on AV Node Reentry: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "AV Node Reentry, AVRT, AV Nodal Reentry"
An abnormal heart rhthym due to an extra conducting pathway in the AV node. This allows the heart's electrical activity to "short circuit" itself (reentry). Episodes may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, caffeine or certain medications. More Information on AV Reentrant Tachycardia: Arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rhthym that occurs when an extra conducting pathway bypasses the AV node, directly linking the atria and ventricles. It can usually only conduct "backwards" from the ventricles to the atria, causing the heart to "short circuit." More Information on AV Reentrant Tachycardia Using an Accessory Bypass Connection: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Common Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Endocardial Cushion Defect, Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect, AVSD, AV Canal Defect, Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect"
A term used to describe a number of heart defects that result in blood flowing freely across the heart and between the chambers. Often, there is also leakage of blood from the lower chambers back to the upper chambers, which is the wrong direction. More Information on AV Septal Defect: Pediatric Heart
A brand of angiotensin II receptor blockers, medications that widen blood vessels by preventing a substance called angiotensin II from entering angiotensin II receptors. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to tighten and regulates blood pressure. More Information on Avapro: Heart Drug & Medication
"Avascular Necrosis" is more commonly referred to as "Necrosis" in the medical community. Necrosis
Also Known As: "Aseptic Necrosis"
The death of a small area of bone or tissue, usually due to the loss of blood supply. This can be caused by trauma, such as an accident or burn, or by obstruction of a blood vessel.
A type of behavior therapy in which negative stimuli are used to reduce or eliminate an unwanted behavior. More Information on Aversive Conditioning: Therapy & Support
"AVF" is more commonly referred to as "Arteriovenous Fistula" in the medical community. Arteriovenous Fistula
A condition in which blood flows directly from an artery to a vein. For example, a needle into an artery may puncture a vein and create an arteriovenous fistula. Surgery is usually very effective at correcting them. More Information on Arteriovenous Fistula: Pediatric Heart
A form of the influenza virus spread by birds. Symptoms are similar to other forms of influenza and include fever, muscle aches, cough and sore throat. More Information on Avian Flu: Cold & Flu Basics
A form of the influenza virus spread by birds. Symptoms are similar to other forms of influenza and include fever, muscle aches, cough and sore throat. More Information on Avian Influenza: Cold & Flu Basics
The full name of the study is Antiarrhythmic medications Vs. Implantable Defibrillators (AVID). More than 1,000 patients with ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia were studied for four years. ID use resulted in more than 30% fewer deaths. More Information on AVID Trial: Arrhythmia
A protein found in raw egg whites that binds to biotin (also known as vitamin H or B7). High levels of this protein can cause a biotin deficiency. More Information on Avidin: Nutrition Basics
"AVMs" is more commonly referred to as "Arteriovenous Malformations" in the medical community. Arteriovenous Malformations
A birth defect in which some of the arteries and veins (e.g., in the brain) are connected to each other. When in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, malformations can cause GI bleeding and increase the risk of bowel, kidney and liver problems. More Information on Arteriovenous Malformations: Pediatric Heart
A fear-driven disorder marked by avoidance of situations with potential for conflict due to sensitivity to rejection, ridicule or humiliation. Patients typically feel unappealing and socially inept. More Information on Avoidant Personality Disorder: Personality Disorders
A fear-driven disorder marked by avoidance of situations with potential for conflict due to sensitivity to rejection, ridicule or humiliation. Patients typically feel unappealing and socially inept. More Information on AvPD: Personality Disorders
Also Known As: "AV Nodal Reentry, AV Reentrant Tachycardia, AV Node Reentry"
An abnormal heart rhthym due to an extra conducting pathway in the AV node. This allows the heart's electrical activity to "short circuit" itself (reentry). Episodes may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, caffeine or certain medications. More Information on AVRT: Arrhythmia
Also Known As: "Common Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Endocardial Cushion Defect, Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect, AV Canal Defect, Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect, Atrioventricular Canal Defect, Atrioventricular Septal Defect"
A term used to describe a number of heart defects that result in blood flowing freely across the heart and between the chambers. Often, there is also leakage of blood from the lower chambers back to the upper chambers, which is the wrong direction. More Information on AVSD: Pediatric Heart
"Avulsed Tooth" is more commonly referred to as "Knocked Out Tooth" in the medical community. Knocked Out Tooth
A tooth that is lost through physical trauma. It can often be saved and reattached if dental care is sought immediately. The tooth should be rinsed in water (not scrubbed), then stored in its own socket while waiting for dental care. More Information on Knocked Out Tooth: Tooth Decay & Damage
An injury that completely knocks a tooth out of place. Immediate replantation of the tooth is necessary to save it. More Information on Avulsion: Tooth Decay & Damage
Surgical removal of the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla). The nodes are tested for the presence of cancer, a sign that the patient's condition has advanced. It is most commonly associated with breast cancer. More Information on Axillary Dissection: Breast Cancer
"Axillary Hyperhidrosis" is more commonly referred to as "Hyperhidrosis" in the medical community. Hyperhidrosis
Also Known As: "Facial Hyperhidrosis, Excessive Perspiration, Center Hyperhidrosis, Palmoplantar Hyperhidrosis, Excessive Sweating, Palmar Hyperhidrosis, Maxim Hyperhidrosis"
Excessive sweating that is either limited to a few problem areas (such as the armpits or palms) or that affects a person's entire body. It often worsens during stress. Treatments - including prescription antiperspirants - are available. More Information on Hyperhidrosis: Perspiration & Chafing
Surgical removal of the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla). The nodes are tested for the presence of cancer, a sign that the patient's condition has advanced. It is most commonly associated with breast cancer. More Information on Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: Breast Cancer
Clinical disorders such as mood, anxiety, substance abuse, eating and impulse control disorders, paraphilia and others. More Information on Axis I Disorders: Emotional Health Basics
Personality disorders including paranoid, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive and other types. More Information on Axis II Disorders: Emotional Health Basics
Long fibers that extend from nerve cells can conduct electrical impulses to other nerves, muscles and gland cells. More Information on Axon: Brain & Nerve Basics
"Ayerza Syndrome" is more commonly referred to as "Pulmonary Hypertension" in the medical community. Pulmonary Hypertension
Also Known As: "Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension, PAH, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"
High blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs. Primary PH has no known cause. Secondary PH is caused by an underlying heart condition, lung disease or pulmonary embolism. PH can result in right-side heart failure (cor pulmonale) over time. More Information on Pulmonary Hypertension: Breathing & Lung
"Azacitidine" is more commonly referred to as "Antimetabolites" in the medical community. Antimetabolites
Also Known As: "Cytarabine, Capecitabine, Thioguanine, Fludarabine, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine"
Medications that block the body's chemical process, such as those that create chemical, proteins and substances needed for cells to grow and multiply. They may be used to slow the growth of tumors. More Information on Antimetabolites: Cancer Drug & Medication
A type of immunosuppressant, medications that suppress the immune system. They may be used to treat conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Some forms are used to prevent rejection following organ transplants. More Information on Azathioprine: Psoriasis & Autoimmune Skin
A recently developed class of anti-anxiety medications used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. More Information on Azipirones: Psychiatric Medications
"Azithromycin" is more commonly referred to as "Macrolides" in the medical community. Macrolides
Also Known As: "Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Dirithromycin, Clarithromycin, Troleandomycin"
Any drug of a class of antibiotics, medications that kill or slow the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria. They have no effect on viruses. More Information on Macrolides: Digestive Medications
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