Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty plaque gradually forms on the inner walls of the arteries. This disorder, also known as hardening of the arteries, causes the arteries to become narrow and restricts the blood flow to organs and tissues.

Diabetes increases the risk for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications partly because of excess glucose (blood sugar). This hyperglycemia damages arteries by making the walls thicker and less elastic. The change makes it more difficult for the blood to pass through the vessels.

Atherosclerosis increases the risk of heart attack, in which blockages within the coronary arteries prevent blood from reaching the heart. Similarly, atherosclerosis can cause cerebrovascular disease, which restricts blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of stroke. Atherosclerosis can affect other parts of the body such as the legs, and contributes to the development of peripheral arterial disease.

However, there are a number of things that people with diabetes can do to prevent atherosclerosis, including:

• Controlling cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose and weight
• Getting regular exercise
• Not smoking

Treatment of atherosclerosis may include lifestyle changes, medications or surgical procedures.