Back pain is among the most common medical conditions in the United States. Between 50 and 80 percent of all American adults suffer from back pain at some time, according to the Arthritis Foundation. It is the second most common neurological ailment in the United States, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Only headaches are more common.

In some cases, back pain is acute, meaning it occurs suddenly and usually resolves within days or weeks. In other cases, back pain can be chronic, meaning that it is long-lasting.

Among the many causes of back pain are:

• Strains or sprains
• Trauma
• Arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
• Herniated discs and degenerative disc disease
• Pinched nerves and sciatica
• Compression fractures due to osteoporosis
• Structural abnormalities such as scoliosis
• Spinal stenosis
• Systemic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, fibromyalgia or lupus

Most cases of acute back pain not associated with neurological symptoms can be successfully treated at home. Over-the-counter medications and techniques such as heat therapy, water therapy or cold therapy often help.

However, people whose back pain does not begin to improve within 72 hours should seek the help of a medical professional. Pain assessment includes a medical history, physical examination and often imaging tests such as x-ray or MRI.