Bronchodilators are medications used to relieve breathing problems such as shortness of breath or wheezing, and the sensation of chest tightness. They are often prescribed for people suffering from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema or other lung conditions.

They come in several forms, including pills, liquids, as an injection or in an inhaler. Some forms are only available by prescription while others are available over-the-counter. Bronchodilators are often categorized as either “rescue” or “control” medications. Rescue (also called short-acting) medications provide immediate relief and are taken only to relieve symptoms. Control (or long-acting) medications are taken regularly to prevent symptoms from occurring. There are three main types of bronchodilators:

• Beta2 agonists (short- and long-acting)
• Theophylline (long-acting)
• Anticholinergics (long-acting)

Some potential side effects may result, and, as with all medications, patients are advised to consult with their physician before use.