Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by the backflow (reflux) of acid or stomach contents from the stomach to the esophagus.

The main symptom of GERD is heartburn, a burning pain in the chest. Other symptoms may include stomach pain, regurgitation of foods or throat discomfort. After eating, some degree of reflux and occasional heartburn are common in healthy people. However, patients with GERD experience heartburn frequently and may experience other symptoms as well.

The cause of GERD is not known. However, an anatomical condition called a hiatal hernia (when part of the stomach is above the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the stomach from the chest) is believed to be a factor. Other factors that may contribute to GERD include being overweight, drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, eating certain foods that may increase acid production and laying down after eating.

GERD is usually diagnosed during a physical examination that includes a description of symptoms. In some cases, tests may be performed to verify the condition. These tests may include endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring.