The most significant risk to the heart from low iron levels is anemia. When the body does not receive enough iron, its tissues receive less oxygen and iron-deficiency anemia may develop. Anemia may cause several heart-related problems. For example, people with anemia and coronary artery disease are more likely to experience angina. Anemia can also cause arrhythmia as the heart works harder to pump enough oxygen around the body. Both angina and arrhythmia are known to increase the risk of a heart attack.

Additionally, severe cases of iron deficiency could lead to a serious lack of oxygen-rich blood to the heart and brain, resulting in a heart attack or stroke. People at higher risk for these life-threatening events are those with coronary artery disease or carotid artery disease.

As many as 25 to 60 percent of patients with heart failure also have anemia, which tends to worsen as the heart failure progresses. Furthermore, severe anemia could actually cause heart failure because the heart works harder to circulate a lower number of red blood cells through the body. Studies have suggested that treating anemia in heart failure patients may improve the heart’s condition and allow patients to spend fewer days in the hospital.

According to the National Institutes of Health, 20 percent of women and 3 percent of men are deficient in iron. Additionally, as many as 50 percent of pregnant women are iron deficient. Some people with this condition may not have any symptoms, and others may notice signs such as paleness and symptoms such as fatigue and irritability. People who are concerned about their iron levels should consult their physician before taking any supplements.