Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that results in a characteristic red skin rash. It is caused by the same bacteria that cause strep throat and the two conditions frequently occur together.

Streptococci bacteria can invade the body and cause throat inflammation and strep throat. Some of these cases also develop into scarlet fever, which may also include a rash, fever and enlarged tongue. The symptoms develop quickly, only a day or two after exposure to the bacteria.

Scarlet fever is passed through fluids of the nose and mouth, often by coughing, sneezing or having direct contact with an infected person. Scarlet fever can occur at any age, but is most common among children, who spread it readily in schools and daycare centers.

Physicians can diagnose scarlet fever by identifying the characteristic rash. They also may take a swab from the back of the throat to perform a culture or rapid strep test to confirm the presence of streptococcal bacteria. Scarlet fever is easily treated with antibiotics and other measures to alleviate symptoms of the rash or fever. Prevention methods revolve around good hygiene and keeping patients from transmitting the disease for several days after they begin antibiotic therapy.