The only 100-percent effective way of preventing STDs is abstinence (not engaging in any form of sexual activity). For people who choose to participate in sexual activity, the risk can be lowered by using condoms and limiting their number of sexual partners. The risk is significantly lowered by having one sexual partner who does not have any other sexual partners and who does not have an STD.

Prevention methods for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) include:

• Correctly using a male latex or polyurethane condom with every act of vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse and oral sex (mouth-to-genital contact). Although male latex condoms are not 100 percent effective, they significantly reduce the risk of transmission. Female condoms offer some protection from STDs, but are not as effective as male latex condoms. Condoms do not provide protection against sores on areas not covered by the condom. Using a water-based lubricant with condoms will reduce breakage.
  
  
• Refusing to have sex with someone who will not use a condom.
  
  
• Washing the genitals with soap and water after sexual activity. This may help to eliminate parasites and bacteria that may have contacted the genitals.
  
  
• Urinating after sexual activity. This may help to eliminate bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
  
  
• Performing regular genital self-examinations to become familiar with the normal appearance of the genitals. This knowledge will help to identify any symptoms that may develop if a person is exposed to an STD.
  
  
• Abstaining from sex during a woman’s menstrual period. During menstruation, women who have HIV/AIDS are more infectious and women who do not have the disease are more likely to become infected. Using a condom during menstruation can reduce this risk.
  
  
• Vaccinations for human papilloma virus (HPV) and the hepatitis B virus.
  
  
• Avoiding anal intercourse. The rectum and anus contain a large amount of bacteria. Contact with these bacteria can cause STDs in both women and men. In addition, the mouth, vagina and penis should not be exposed to any object that has been in contact with an anus or rectum. If anal intercourse is preferred, a male latex condom should always be used.
  
  
• Using caution when sharing sex toys. Because STDs can be transmitted through shared bodily fluids, individuals should use condoms with sex toys when appropriate.

People are encouraged to discuss their sexual history with their sexual partners and to ask their partners about their history. These discussions are important regardless of gender because people who engage in sexual activity of any kind are all at risk for STDs. Partners should also discuss drug habits, and whether testing for STDs is necessary. These screening tests can be conducted during routine medical checkups. Testing is particularly important at the beginning of a new sexual relationship.