Test Your Knowledge

During cold and flu season, several precautions can be taken to lessen the likelihood of contracting upper respiratory infections that can lead to sinusitis. People with seasonal allergies can also take steps to treat or prevent their symptoms. The fewer cold and allergy symptoms that develop, the less likely that congestion will occur and lead to sinusitis.

To prevent colds and allergies that can lead to sinusitis:

• Eat a nutritious diet, including plenty of fruits and vegetables. These are rich in antioxidants and other chemicals that can boost immune system function.
  
  
• Exercise regularly. This helps the body fight infection and reduce stress (which can leave an individual more vulnerable to sickness).
  
  
• Wash hands often, particularly after shaking hands with others.
  
  
• Get a yearly flu vaccine.

• Drink plenty of fluids. Eight glasses of water or more a day are recommended to keep the body hydrated, which thins nasal secretions and promotes drainage.
  
  
• Avoid consumption of caffeine and alcohol. Foods or beverages with caffeine can dehydrate the body, which thickens nasal mucus and makes it less likely to drain. Mucus that fails to drain is a breeding ground for viruses and bacteria that can cause sinusitis. In addition, alcohol can cause sinus membranes to swell, which also blocks drainage.
  
  
• Avoid exposure to allergens both inside and outside the home. Patients should make their home environment as allergen-free as possible, and avoid contact with outdoor allergens to the greatest extent possible.
  
  
• Avoid tobacco smoke or polluted air. Both can trigger inflammation of the lining of the sinuses and nose.
  
  
• Install a humidifier in the home, or at least the bedroom. This keeps the air moist, which may help reduce nasal congestion. It is important to frequently clean a humidifier to avoid the spread of germs.
  
  
• Avoid blowing the nose with great force. This can push bacteria into the sinuses. Instead, patients should gently blow one nostril at a time, while blocking the other.
  
  
• Patients should avoid air travel during periods when they have sinusitis. If travel must be undertaken, decongestants can reduce pressure inside the sinuses. However, patients should not take any medication without first consulting a physician.