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Steroid nasal sprays are a first-line treatment for inflammation, congestion, itching and swelling related to sinusitis and allergies, particularly allergic rhinitis. These medications prevent symptoms of an allergic reaction by inhibiting the chemical process that leads to inflammation. They also may be effective at preventing the regrowth of some nasal polyps after they have been surgically removed and, in some cases, may be effective in treating nasal polyps before surgery.

Steroid drugs include corticosteroids that are synthetic versions of cortisone, hydrocortisone and prednisone. They mimic natural steroids produced by the adrenal glands, a pair of organs located near the kidneys. When prescribed in doses that exceed the body’s natural level, these steroids suppress inflammation. Patients take these powerful drugs on an ongoing basis to treat conditions ranging from lupus and arthritis to asthma.

Taken orally or in large doses, steroid medicines have the potential to cause side effects such as thinning of bones and high blood pressure. However, steroid nasal sprays rarely cause serious problems when used properly as prescribed by a physician. This is because they are delivered directly to the mucous membrane and only a limited amount of the drug is absorbed into the body.

Some steroid drugs, including nasal sprays, may not be appropriate for use in children. Research suggests that some steroid drugs, such as beclomethasone, can slightly retard the growth rates of children. No patient should take steroid drugs without first consulting with a physician.