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Strep infections are caused by Streptococcus (strep) bacteria and can result in a variety of conditions. Strep bacteria are commonly found on the skin of the human body and in the throat, intestines and other organs without causing an infection. Disease may result when the bacteria invade parts of the body where they usually are not present, or as a result of immunosuppression.

The majority of strep infections are minor, but they can also cause serious disease. Some conditions caused by strep bacteria include:

• Strep throat
• Scarlet fever
• Impetigo
• Cellulitis
• Pneumonia
• Meningitis
• Necrotizing fasciitis

Strep bacteria may be transmitted through the air and from person to person. Group B streptococcal disease may also be transmitted from a woman to her baby during birth. It is one of the most common causes of infection in newborns and may lead to bacteremia (infection of the blood) or meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain).

Most strep infections are treated with antibiotics. When patients follow the recommendations of their physician, symptoms typically pass quickly. Some strep bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance but certain infections (e.g., streptococcus pneumoniae) may be prevented with a vaccine. Hand washing is also helpful in preventing strep infections.